Associating Genetic Polymorphism and Physical Fitness of Aerobic and Strength Capability in Children and Teenagers: A Systematic Review.

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1595825280111

• Palavras-chave: genetics; performance; aerobic resistance; strength; athletic performance.

• Keywords: genetics; performance; aerobic resistance; strength; athletic performance.

• Abstract:

  The evaluation of the genetic profile for predisposition of physical capacities combined with performance tests has been increasingly used in the search for sports talents. However, studies diverge regarding the investigated polymorphisms, characteristics of the subjects, and applied tests. Therefore, understanding how to search for the best variables for investigation can help studies to reduce the gaps in this theme. Through a systematic review to find an association of genetic polymorphisms and the physical performance of children and adolescents. Research on studies published in journals indexed in the PubMed and SciELO. databases was carried out until June 2020. The search strategy used the following descriptors and terms “polymorphism” [Title / Abstract] OR “polymorphisms” [Title / Abstract] AND “performance” [Title / Abstract]. 13 studies were found that showed an association of genes related to aerobic capacity (PPARD, PPARA, PPARGC1A, ECA, ACTN3, CKMM, and NRC4), strength (ECA, ACTN3, CKMM, PPARA, AMPD1, and NRC4), and balance (PPARD) with better results of the tests applied for the respective capacities. The tests most used for these associations were those of shuttle run to assess the capacity of aerobic resistance; and handgrip tests and jumps for strength assessment. The determination of the genetic profile combined with the application of physical performance tests seem to be tools that are associated and can help in the detection of talents. However, to evaluate the tests, it is necessary to adopt a performance score that better stratify the results of excellence.