ASPECTOS TÉCNICOS DAS CIRURGIAS DE COLECTOMIA PARCIAL
ASPECTOS TÉCNICOS DAS CIRURGIAS DE COLECTOMIA PARCIAL
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8208172508101
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Palavras-chave: colectomia parcial; indicações; técnica; cuidados.
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Keywords: partial colectomy; indications; technique; care.
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Abstract: Introduction: Partial colectomy is a surgical approach for removing a portion of the colon, indicated in cases of colonic conditions such as cancer, diverticulitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The procedure can be performed via an open or laparoscopic approach. The minimally invasive technique is more often associated with lower morbidity rates and faster recovery, but it is still not widely used in developing countries such as Brazil. Objectives: To present the main indications for partial colectomy, describe the general technical aspects of open and laparoscopic surgery, comparing their advantages and limitations, and address the care involved in managing patients undergoing this procedure. Methodology: A narrative review was conducted based on books and electronic databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar, with publications from 2004 to 2025. There was difficulty in finding specific data in the literature regarding surgical techniques, with greater emphasis placed on the practices of right and left colectomy. Results and Discussion: Partial colectomy is recommended in cases of colonic neoplasms, inflammatory bowel disease, and complex benign conditions. The open technique allows wide access and is highly indicated in emergencies and complicated cases. The laparoscopic approach enables less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and better clinical outcomes, despite longer operative time and a steeper learning curve. Perioperative care includes antibiotic and thromboembolic prophylaxis, and recovery is improved with an early rehabilitation approach. Conclusion: Partial colectomy is an effective approach for the treatment of colorectal diseases, with laparoscopy considered the preferred method for elective cases due to its clinical advantages. Individualized planning and multiprofessional care ensure the success of the procedure and provide better prognosis and quality of life for the patient.
- Maria Beatriz Aparecida Orrú
- JULIA PARENTI DE OLIVEIRA
- MIGUEL JOSUE PITTA RODRIGUES FERREIRA DE MORAES
- ROGÉRIO LUPORINI