TUMOR PITUITARY APOPLEXIA IN EMERGENCY – LITERATURE REVIEW

• DOI: 10.22533/at.ed.1593762320093

• Palavras-chave: Pituitary apoplexy; neuroendocrine urgency; pituitary adenoma.

• Keywords: Pituitary apoplexy; neuroendocrine urgency; pituitary adenoma.

• Abstract:

  
  Pituitary apoplexy is a neuroendocrine emergency characterized by ischemia or more commonly sudden pituitary hemorrhage. Its occurrence is greater in those cases with previous pituitary adenoma. It has a variable clinical picture, involving sudden or insidious headaches, visual changes associated with compression of the optic tract or cranial nerves, focal neurological deficits, hypopituitarism, adrenocortical insufficiency and even coma and death. In view of the above, the present study aims to identify tumoral pituitary apoplexy as a neuroendocrine emergency that must be promptly recognized, aiming for its rapid management in urgent and emergency services. This is a literature review carried out in the months of August and September 2023. The treatment of choice is controversial and depends, mainly, on the level of consciousness, the degree of visual impairment and the level of hypopituitarism, and may involve the use of glucocorticoids., hormone replacement and neurosurgical intervention. Adequate and immediate therapeutic intervention contributes to a more favorable outcome, reducing the occurrence of sequelae.