NEUROINFLAMMATORY NEURODEGENERATIVE ALTERATIONS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF MOOD DISORDERS.

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1595725210113

• Palavras-chave: Neuroinflammation; Neurodegeneration; Mood disorders; Gut microbiota; Proinflammatory cytokines.

• Keywords: Neuroinflammation; Neurodegeneration; Mood disorders; Gut microbiota; Proinflammatory cytokines.

• Abstract:

  To explore the role of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, intestinal microbiota, blood-brain barrier dysfunction and alterations in neurotransmission in the pathogenesis of mood disorders, especially major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Methodology: An integrative bibliographic review using the PVO method, through the PubMed-MEDLINE database. Articles published between 2020 and 2024, in Portuguese or English, addressing the proposed themes were included. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 studies were included in the final analysis. Review: Neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are central processes in the pathogenesis of mood disorders, mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, microglial activation, and metabolic alterations. Strategies such as the use of vitamin D, and microbiota modulators show therapeutic potential, as well as transcranial magnetic stimulation, and electroconvulsive therapy are promising for neuromodulation. Final considerations: Understanding neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative changes in mood disorders reinforces the importance of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory therapies, although advances in specific studies and approaches are still needed.