STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594502405063

• Palavras-chave: Major Depressive Disorder, Depression, Nervous System Changes, Neuroplasticity.

• Keywords: Major Depressive Disorder, Depression, Nervous System Changes, Neuroplasticity.

• Abstract:

  Goal: To analyze and summarize the structural changes observed in the central nervous system in individuals diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder. Literature Review: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a complex condition characterized by persistently depressed mood and loss of interest in daily activities. Symptoms such as changes in sleep, appetite and suicidal thoughts are relevant in the diagnosis, according to the DSM-5. Neurobiology involves neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, affecting mood and energy. Furthermore, neural circuits and brain plasticity influence emotional processing and mood regulation in depression, reflected in structural and functional changes in the prefrontal cortex and affected brain networks. Brain imaging highlights changes in brain volume and neural activity, revealing dysfunction in areas crucial to depression, while neuroplasticity shows impacts on neurogenesis and synapses, offering avenues for therapeutic interventions. Final considerations: Structural changes in the brain of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are reflected in changes in volume and neural connectivity, associated with depressive symptoms. Neuroimaging identifies changes in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate and hippocampus, related to emotional and cognitive regulation, highlighting the importance of understanding these changes for innovative and personalized therapies.