Modern Approaches to the Treatment of Herniated Disc Injuries

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1595122524023

• Palavras-chave: Herniated disc; Lumbar spine; Treatment; Conservative; Minimally invasive surgery;

• Keywords: Herniated disc; Lumbar spine; Treatment; Conservative; Minimally invasive surgery;

• Abstract:

  Introduction: Disc herniation is a prevalent condition that affects between 13% and 40% of the population throughout their lives, with a higher incidence between the ages of 50 and 60. It is one of the main causes of back pain and work incapacity in Brazil. The condition originates between the vertebral bodies, where the intervertebral disc plays a crucial role. The development of the hernia involves cracks in the fibrous ring, allowing the nucleus pulposus to protrude, which can affect the nerve roots. Factors such as genetic predisposition, aging, sedentary lifestyle and inappropriate habits contribute to its occurrence. Objective: This article aims to review current approaches to the treatment of lumbar disc herniation, emphasizing the effectiveness of conservative options and the importance of individualization in clinical management. Methodology: This study consists of a narrative literature review, with articles selected from the SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar and UpToDate databases, covering publications from 2014 to 2024. The following descriptors were used for the search: "Herniated disc" AND "Lumbar spine" AND "Treatment" AND/OR "Conservative" AND "Minimally invasive surgery". Results and Discussion: Treatment approaches begin with conservative measures, progressing to more invasive interventions such as surgery when necessary. Conservative treatments, including physiotherapy and medication, have proved effective in improving patients' quality of life. In persistent cases, epidural injections and minimally invasive surgical procedures are considered. Conclusion: Lumbar disc herniation is a multifactorial condition that impacts quality of life. Conservative treatment should be the first line of intervention, with a combination of physiotherapy and postural education. Surgical intervention should be reserved for specific cases where there is evidence of nerve compression. The ideal approach should be individualized, taking into account the characteristics of each patient and the integration of a multidisciplinary team in the treatment, with a view to using new technologies and prevention practices.