SURGICAL APPROACHES TO BASAL CELL CARCINOMA: A NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.01596826170610

• Palavras-chave: basal cell carcinoma; dermatologic surgery; Mohs micrographic surgery; skin cancer; skin reconstruction.

• Keywords: basal cell carcinoma; dermatologic surgery; Mohs micrographic surgery; skin cancer; skin reconstruction.

• Abstract:

  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent malignant skin neoplasm worldwide, accounting for the majority of non-melanoma skin cancers. Its incidence has been steadily increasing over the past decades, especially in countries with high sun exposure and an aging population. Although it exhibits less aggressive biological behavior compared to melanoma and other malignant skin tumors, BCC has significant potential for local invasion and can cause significant destruction of adjacent tissues, cosmetic deformities, and functional impairment when not diagnosed and treated early. Surgical treatment remains the primary therapeutic modality and is considered the gold standard for most cases due to high cure rates and a low recurrence rate. Various surgical techniques are currently available, including conventional excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, curettage combined with electrodissection, and subsequent reconstructive procedures. The objective of this narrative review was to analyze the main surgical approaches used in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma, discussing their indications, advantages, limitations, and clinical outcomes. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, prioritizing studies published between 2019 and 2026. The findings demonstrate that the appropriate selection of the surgical technique directly influences oncological, functional, and aesthetic outcomes. It is concluded that individualized therapy is essential for optimizing results and minimizing the risk of tumor recurrence.