The Relationship Between High IQ, Working Memory, and Double Exceptionality

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.15953125300912

• Palavras-chave: Intelligence; Working memory; High IQ; Double exceptionality; Cognitive processing; Phonological loop;

• Keywords: Intelligence; Working memory; High IQ; Double exceptionality; Cognitive processing; Phonological loop;

• Abstract:

  Working memory, understood as a system for processing and temporarily storing information, is composed of distinct subsystems: the phonological loop, responsible for verbal and auditory processing; the visuospatial sketchpad, which maintains and manipulates mental representations; and the central executive, which regulates the allocation of cognitive resources and inhibitory control. Although individuals with high IQs often demonstrate superiority in complex cognitive tasks, the relationship between intelligence and working memory is not homogeneous. Some studies indicate that processing speed can compensate for limitations in certain modalities of working memory, while others suggest that difficulties in inhibitory control can compromise performance in situations of high cognitive load.

  An emerging aspect of this research involves individuals with dual exceptionality, that is, those who combine high cognitive abilities with learning disorders such as dyslexia, Autism Spectrum Disorder, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In these populations, working memory may exhibit heterogeneous patterns, with enhanced abilities in fluid reasoning and complex problem solving, but deficits in sequential retention and simultaneous management of multiple stimuli.

  The lack of scientific consensus indicates that the relationship between high IQ and working memory should be analyzed from a multidimensional perspective. The interaction between different neural networks, environmental factors, and neuroplasticity mechanisms can significantly modulate this relationship. Future research should incorporate advanced methodologies, such as functional neuroimaging and longitudinal studies, to deepen understanding of the processes underlying working memory in individuals with superior intelligence.