A Integração de Tecnologias Emergentes na Formação Clínica em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica: Inovação Pedagógica com Responsabilidade Ética
A Integração de Tecnologias Emergentes na Formação Clínica em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica: Inovação Pedagógica com Responsabilidade Ética
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.82082426100214
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Palavras-chave: Inteligência Artificial; Ética em Enfermagem; Educação em Enfermagem; Realidade Virtual; Simulação Clínica.
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Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Ethics, Nursing; Education, Nursing; Virtual Reality; Clinical Simulation.
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Abstract: Introduction: Clinical education in Medical-Surgical Nursing faces increasing challenges arising from the growing complexity of healthcare contexts, technological advancements, and the need to prepare students with strong critical, relational, ethical, and technical competencies. Emerging technologies, such as high-fidelity simulation (HFS), virtual reality (VR), and artificial intelligence (AI), are presented as promising strategies to enhance nursing students’ learning in safe and immersive environments. Method: A narrative literature review was conducted between May and August 2025 using the databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Articles published between 2015 and 2025, in English or Portuguese, addressing the use of emerging technologies in undergraduate nursing clinical education were included. Empirical studies as well as systematic and narrative reviews were considered. Data were synthesized and thematically analysed using a narrative approach. Development: The analysis identified consistent evidence supporting the integration of technologies such as HFS, VR, and AI into the clinical training of nursing students. Reported benefits include improved theoretical knowledge, development of practical skills, increased self-efficacy, and greater student satisfaction. However, some studies highlight challenges related to the ethical implications of AI, the need for faculty pedagogical training, and institutional resistance to change. The evidence also points to concerns regarding the potential reduction of human interaction and difficulties in scaling these interventions. Conclusions: Emerging technologies present transformative potential in clinical nursing education; however, their integration requires rigorous pedagogical planning, continuous professional development of faculty, and appropriate ethical safeguards. Innovation must remain aligned with the humanistic foundations of nursing, ensuring that technology serves — rather than replaces — the act of caring.
- Cláudia Jorge de Sousa Oliveira
- Tânia Filipa Cabrita Xavier