A importância do diagnóstico precoce no manejo da hemorragia subaracnoide aneurismática

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.15941002418112

• Palavras-chave: Aneurisma; Emergência neurológica; Hemorragia subaracnoide.

• Keywords: Aneurysm; Neurological Emergency; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

• Abstract: Introduction: Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (ASH) is considered the third leading cause of stroke, with a mortality rate of about 35%, and one-third of patients affected by the disease become dependent on nursing care (PETRIDIS, 2017). Asymptomatic cerebral aneurysms affect approximately 3% of the general population, with the main risk factors being smoking and hypertension (CLASSEN, 2022). Given the prevalence and morbidity-mortality associated with ASH, it is necessary to raise awareness among the medical team about the need for early and accurate diagnosis in order to improve patient prognosis. Objective: To raise awareness among healthcare professionals about the need for greater clarity and diagnostic insight in cases of ASH. Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative-quantitative study was conducted using the virtual platforms TabNet and DATASUS to analyze the number of deaths from ASH in Brazil in 2022, relating to the location of occurrence and age group affected. Additionally, a selection of articles was researched through the PubMed platform, using “Subarachnoid,” “Hemorrhage,” and “Aneurysm” as keywords for the search. Review articles were selected, filtered by publication date from 2015 to 2024 and availability of the article. Results: A total of 5,391 deaths were recorded, with the highest incidence in the age group of 50 to 70 years, representing approximately 45% of cases. Furthermore, 5,071 people died in hospital settings, accounting for about 95% of deaths. A total of 19,480 articles were found with the keywords, and after filtering, the number was reduced to 373, from which 4 articles were selected and their bibliographic references utilized. Conclusion: ASH is a lethal condition, with a higher incidence of death among individuals over 50 years old. The results indicate that patients arrive at hospitals but are unable to reverse the acute condition, highlighting a potential lack of early diagnosis and adequate management. A CT scan of the brain has approximately 95% sensitivity and specificity within the first 12 hours after bleeding. Therefore, it is understood that early imaging studies, complemented by knowledge of ASH, enhance the treatment of this neurological emergency in Brazil.