ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (ADEM) ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594112423015

• Palavras-chave: Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, COVID-19, Sars-CoV-2.

• Keywords: Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, COVID-19, Sars-CoV-2.

• Abstract:

  Objective Observe the relationship between Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and COVID-19, focusing on its epidemiology and pathogenesis. Methodology: Narrative bibliographic review carried out using data obtained from PubMed, using the Boolean operators “OR” and “AND” in inclusion with the search terms “Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis”, “COVID-19” and “Sars-CoV-2”. Through the search, 203 articles were found that were submitted to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and in the end 21 articles were selected. Discussion: The time relationship between COVID symptoms and ADEM manifestation is shorter when compared to other viral infections. SARS-COV has affinity with the Central Nervous System and has the ability to induce endothelial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and a state of hypercoagulation, in addition to damaging neurons. Confusion, lethargy, difficulty waking up from sedation, gait ataxia, pyramidal signs, seizures and involvement of peripheral nerves are some of the clinical signs of ADEM correlated to COVID-19. Studies also indicate an incidence of ADEM post-vaccination against COVID-19, with most cases appearing after the first dose. Final considerations: The presence of specific clinical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory findings support an early diagnosis. However, further research is needed on the pathological mechanisms involved between vaccination against COVID-19 and ADEM, in order to improve clinical management and optimize patient outcomes.