A EFICÁCIA DA METFORMINA NA DIABETES MELLITUS GESTACIONAL: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
A EFICÁCIA DA METFORMINA NA DIABETES MELLITUS GESTACIONAL: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8208142511098
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Palavras-chave: Diabetes mellitus gestacional; Metformina; Tratamento; Efeitos Colaterais
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Keywords: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; Metformin; Treatment; Side Effects
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Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by hyperglycemia first diagnosed during pregnancy, typically after the 24th week. Its etiology involves insulin resistance caused by hormones produced by the placenta that antagonize insulin action, presenting a challenge for glycemic control during pregnancy and posing risks to maternal and fetal health. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using metformin, either alone or in combination with insulin, in the treatment of GDM, as well as to analyze potential side effects for both the pregnant woman and child development. The research was conducted in the SciELO and PubMed databases using the descriptors “Diabetes in pregnancy” and “metformin,” combined with the Boolean operator “AND.” Articles published within the last 10 years (2014–2024), open-access studies, and clinical trials or controlled clinical studies were included. Articles without a clear theoretical and thematic basis aligned with the study objectives, those not addressing the use of metformin, and articles outside the scope of the theme were excluded, resulting in the selection of 28 articles. The analyzed studies indicate that metformin is an effective and low-cost treatment option for women with GDM, with or without insulin supplementation. Higher adherence and better metabolic control were observed among pregnant women treated with metformin, with no evidence of increased adverse effects on child development compared to insulin. In conclusion, the use of metformin in GDM represents a valuable alternative to improve the management, highlighting the importance of healthcare professionals being well-informed about this therapeutic option.
- Bruno Kevin Soares De Lima
- Danielle Abbud Backer