A DEXAMETASONA NA TERAPÊUTICA DA COVID-19: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA DEXAMETHASONE IN THE THERAPEUTICS OF COVID-19: A LITERATURE REVIEW

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8208192523103

• Palavras-chave: Dexametasona; covid-19; tratamento.

• Keywords: Dexamethasone; covid-19; treatment.

• Abstract: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe complication of COVID-19, associated with high mortality, especially in mechanically ventilated patients. 3,121 articles on the use of dexamethasone in COVID-19 treatment between 2020 and 2024 were analyzed, of which 25 clinical trials and randomized clinical studies were selected. Dexamethasone has been studied to modulate the exacerbated inflammatory response of COVID-19-related ARDS, reducing mortality, especially in ventilated patients. Studies on pulmonary transcriptomic profiles in severe COVID-19-related ARDS patients show that dexamethasone regulates genes related to the immune and inflammatory response. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collection allows for the evaluation of the local immune response. Dexamethasone, at appropriate doses, improves clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19 patients, possibly more effective than other corticosteroids. The ideal dose is still debated, and combinations with baricitinib may benefit certain patients. Issues such as optimal dosage, treatment duration, and side effects require further study. Dexamethasone is a promising therapy for severe COVID-19 patients, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects and determine its ideal role in treatment.