Direitos Transindividuais: Histórico - Leis - Doutrina - Casos Emblemáticos
Direitos Transindividuais: Histórico - Leis - Doutrina - Casos Emblemáticos
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8151142528113
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Palavras-chave: Direitos Trasindividuais; Direito Difuso; Direito Coletivo; Constituição; Responsabilidade Civil; Ministério Público; Ação Civil Pública; Código de Defesa do Consumidor; Lei Maria da Penha.
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Keywords: Transindividual Rights; Diffuse Rights; Collective Rights; Constitution; Civil Liability; Public Prosecutor's Office; Public Civil Action; Consumer Protection Code; Maria da Penha Law.
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Abstract: This article analyzes the evolution of the constitutional and infraconstitutional foundations of transindividual rights, presenting laws, doctrine, and examples of application in emblematic cases. The analysis makes a parallel study of constitutional texts and the institute of civil liability. In Brazil, the consolidation of collective protection and active standing to defend transindividual interests is evident, starting from the National Environmental Policy Law, the Public Civil Action Law, the Consumer Protection Code, the 1988 Federal Constitution, and the Maria da Penha Law. Civil liability, in turn, evolves from individual contractual protection based on the theory of culpability to the collective protection, based on the theory of risk. The article highlights the mission of the Public Prosecutor's Office in protecting collective rights and the initiatives of the National Congress to consolidate the isolated norms on the subject into a Code or Consolidation of laws relating to diffuse and collective rights. In addition to Brazilian right, the article briefly cites examples of the evolution of transindividual rights in foreign rights searching constitutional texts and examples of concrete cases. The study highlights the important role that the Brazilian and international Constitutions have played in the construction of the protection of collective rights, which represent an essential democratic advance for the construction of a more just, sustainable and solitude society.
- Guilherme Pedroso